GPS Jamming: Why It's a Mistake to Ignore This Threat

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GPS Jamming: Why It’s a Mistake to Ignore This Threat


2024-10-09 By: W, Lynn
GPS Jamming: Why It’s a Mistake to Ignore This Threat

GPS jamming, often overlooked in the US, poses significant threats to military operations, commercial and private aviation, and vital emergency services like Fire, EMS, and LE. While no fatalities have been reported due to GPS signal jamming, both domestically and internationally, the potential for harm is immense. Despite being illegal under US Code, with strict regulations on purchasing, selling, or advertising of jammers, exceptions persist. Currently, GPS jamming within the Continental US (CONUS) has minimal impact, but this could swiftly escalate as jammers of varying power can be easily made or imported. Imagine the outcry if a large-scale jamming event were to occur in CONUS, especially if it were to result in severe property damage or loss of life. Such an incident in Europe, with similar consequences, could even spark US news media attention.

Why does GPS sometimes fail to work or sync with satellites?

GPS jamming is a significant issue in certain regions of the United States, particularly affecting navigation and communication systems. One such area is the Tonopah Test Range in Nevada, northwest of Las Vegas, where GPS signals mysteriously fail to sync with satellites at times. Another notable hotspot is along the Mexican border, where cartels deliberately disrupt GPS to hinder law enforcement operations. However, due to the compact size and high power requirements of these jammers, their impact remains localized.

International waters like the Baltic Sea also face severe GPS jamming challenges. Surrounded by NATO members, this region experiences frequent signal disruptions that pose hazards to both aerial and sea navigation. As a result, flights from Sweden and Finland are often rerouted south to Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. Sweden and Finland, being directly affected, have protested vigorously but to no avail. The primary source of this jamming in the Baltic Sea is traced to the Russian salient on the coast between Lithuania and Poland.

In summary, GPS jamming is a widespread concern, affecting various locations across the globe with varying degrees of impact. From the remote airfields of Nevada to the bustling international waters of the Baltic Sea, this issue highlights the vulnerabilities of our modern navigation systems and the need for continued vigilance and technological advancements to address them.

The use of gps jammers in the Ukraine War has significantly reduced the effectiveness of the US M982 Excalibur 155mm extended-range artillery shell, dropping it from 70% to just 7%. This tactical move has also impacted Ukraine’s ability to launch and forget drones and missiles that rely on GPS for navigation. Moreover, it prevents smaller observation drones from sending back accurate locations, hindering precision artillery and HIMARS/MLRS strikes. Meanwhile, GPS signals have been jammed at high levels, originating from Kaliningrad and along the Lithuanian border. The Kaliningrad site, in particular, has been responsible for blocking GPS over much of the Baltic region. The Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean have also experienced consistent GPS jamming, with Crimea almost completely GPS-free due to Ukrainian attacks. Additionally, the Romanian border and Turkey along the Black Sea have experienced shutdowns.

In the Eastern Med, conflicts originating from the Black Sea lead to significant jamming around Cyprus. The areas surrounding Israel and Lebanon experience consistent jamming to hinder Hamas and Hezbollah. GPS, although having alternatives, remains the preferred navigation choice worldwide. However, jammers operate against various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Specifically, a gps jammer prevents a device from syncing its location with the necessary four of the thirty-one GPS satellites in orbit, crucial for determining a precise position. From my experience, my GPS device would sync with seven or eight satellites while hunting. Since the Measles Map of my hunting locations was GPS-based, my wife could easily have my remains recovered to expedite the payout of my life insurance policy. It’s noteworthy that military and civilian GPS devices do not differ in position accuracy.

GPS signals can sometimes fail to connect or sync with satellites, leading to various strategies being implemented to overcome this issue. Military devices often operate on dual frequencies, offering an advantage over civilian GPS receivers which rely on a single frequency. Encrypted GPS receivers have proven effective in defeating GPS signal spoofing attempts. Additionally, Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CPRAs) are frequently utilized in high jamming or spoofing environments. These antennas dynamically respond to jamming or spoofing signals, making them increasingly popular in military systems. It’s likely that they will eventually appear in non-military systems as well. Alternatively, destroying the jammer itself is another method, with weapons like the JDAM-ER, which is guided by seekers designed to target GPS jammers. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further adaptations, bringing changes and new techniques, tactics, and procedures. However, technological advantages like GPS jamming are often short-lived until newer technology counters it.

Carl’s military journey began as a Marine Sergeant, serving in diverse locations like Japan and Camp Pendleton. In 1977, he pivoted to teaching Special Education and EMS work in Flagstaff. Leaving the Marines in 1978, he enlisted in the Army the next year, reporting directly to Fort Huachuca’s Intelligence School. In the 1980s, he served as a Middle East Analyst for the 82nd Airborne Division, aiding in the deployment of the first US Battalion to the Multinational Force and Observers in 1982. Later, as an analyst for the XVIIIth Airborne Corps, he contributed to Operation Urgent Fury. Meanwhile, the battlefield has seen a surge in GPS jamming, a trend that’s been slowly growing in impact. Notably, Russian jamming efforts, observed early in the war, have only recently, in the past six months, begun to significantly affect operations. This technical disruption, surprising in its delayed battlefield impact, has been increasingly utilized, rendering GPS synchronization with satellites unreliable at times.

Have you ever experienced GPS failure or syncing issues with satellites? It’s a common occurrence, frustrating users when they need navigation most. Imagine being in the military, relying on GPS for mission-critical operations, and it suddenly stops working. One veteran shares his story: after joining the Ranger Regiment in 1984, deploying to Desert Storm, and serving in multiple intelligence roles, he encountered such challenges. His experience underscores the importance of reliable GPS technology – something we all rely on in our daily lives.

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