Signal Jammer Wiki » Signal News

Why do cell phone jammers exist?

admin — Thu, 08 Dec 2022 15:56:10 +0000

If you haven’t bought a mobile jammer yet, you might want to reconsider As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, digital technology seems to have taken over our lives so completely that we feel like we have been reduced to a set of signals. Signals have even taken over our language; we often feel that we are receiving mixed signals; No wonder there was a “Christmas Cell Phone Jammer Campaign” last Christmas;

On a more serious level, with so much communication around us, people and organizations are paying close attention to different types of signal jammers to block out the noise and limit how much it can spread. Despite the variety of signal types, the working principle of signal jammers is actually very simple. Once you know the frequency of your target signal, you can overwhelm that signal by broadcasting a stronger signal of your own. If you want to target general signal traffic, not just one device, point your jammer at the base station/repeater antenna (e.g. use a cell phone jammer to keep quiet in public places). The farther away it is, the more power you need to drown it. If the signal is frequency hopping, cover a wider range of signal interference by covering a range of frequencies. Sometimes, as with drone jammers, the jamming signal needs to be narrowly focused in a specific direction.

Young people are busy

Younger generations who have grown up with so much “signal pollution” are ready to employ various jamming techniques to eliminate it. At home, they use cell phone jammers to gain more control over their lives. These devices can define quiet “phone-free zones” to improve quality of life. Many households have 1.5 devices per person, and it can be difficult to have meaningful conversations with all those screens. Young parents realize that the intimacy of family dinners is about to fade. To avoid conflict, they turn to cell phone jammers to enforce “dinner time” and help rediscover “cell phone discipline.”

In the workplace, organizations have realized that protecting sensitive proprietary and personal data may require them to use Wifi jammers around the office, which will provide security by preventing data leaks or theft. The exponential growth of drones and their sometimes nefarious purpose has convinced security-conscious professionals to deploy drone jammers as standard operating procedure to protect people and places.

People need mobile phone jammers to create a quiet life.

Look around, and you will find people playing with their phones with their heads down everywhere, even on the subway, bus or street, not to mention some important occasions. In the information age, people cannot do without their mobile phones. Some places such as restaurants, classrooms, training centers, factories, banks, trains, buses, etc. need quiet places. But you can’t be absolutely silent, people use phones automatically despite being asked not to use them. In these cases, a mobile jammer can really create a quiet environment for your life, and this 3 Antenna Mini Handheld 2G 3G Cell Phone Signal Jammer is suitable for those who want to block cell phone signals with a portable design.

How To Detect Wifi Jammer?

How to make a GPS Jammer.

4 Best Signal Jammer on Jammers.store

How does Cell Phone Jammer Work?

How to Test Cell Phone Signal Strength on Your Cell Phone?

What Is UAV/Drone Jammer?

Cell Phone Signal Jammers: Use, Manufacture, Sales & Laws

How do GPS Jammers work? What are the Best GPS Jammers or Blockers for Anti GPS Tracker?

Abusing GPS jammers can be very dangerous.

admin — Thu, 30 Jun 2022 15:39:51 +0000

The technology uses satellite and radio signals to determine the location of vehicles and people and is critical to the military, national security and the economy. But it’s not foolproof. As more people rely on GPS, the threat from jamming grows. In March 2012, a man was sentenced to 13 months in prison for operating a jamming device that prevented motorists from using mobile phones near his business. In February 2013, another man was jailed for using a cheap GPS jammer to make his commute easier. In June 2013, a man was jailed for three months for using a jammer in his car because he hated using his phone to talk to other drivers. Even though the devices are illegal, they can be easily purchased online (I won’t mention where). They can be very dangerous if you abuse them.

GPS signals are critical infrastructure

What makes GPS technology so important is that it provides a way for objects to navigate from one place to another. In other words, it’s used to help an object know where it is and how to get from point A to point B.

GPS technology is critical for the military because it allows soldiers and their equipment to be located accurately on the battlefield. It also helps determine where enemy forces are located so that military leaders can make better decisions about how best to engage them.

GPS technology is also critical for national security, which includes everything from fighting terrorism and protecting our borders, stopping drug trafficking and preventing cyberattacks against our nation’s infrastructure (such as electricity grids).

In addition, GPS technology plays an important role in everyday lives by providing information such as traffic congestion reports while you’re driving your car or walking through a large city such as New York City or Chicago; weather forecasts; airline flight schedules; delivery services like UPS or FedEx tracking information; directions back home after getting lost while hiking through trails in nature preserves such as Yellowstone National Park near Cody Wyoming USA!!!

U.S. bans arbitrary use of GPS signal jammers

The Federal Communications Commission is clamping down on illegal devices that jam cellphones and GPS receivers without permission.

FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has made it clear that the FCC will not tolerate interference with its communications frequencies. In response to this crackdown, many companies are now making sure that their products comply with FCC regulations before they go into production. While this may seem like a hassle for you as a consumer looking for a good deal on a GPS jammer, remember that even if you were able to purchase one online without having it confiscated by law enforcement first, it would be illegal for you to do so in most states in America anyway!

In March 2012, a man was sentenced to 13 months in prison for operating a jamming device that prevented motorists from using their cell phones near his business. He was fined $48,000, ordered to pay restitution of $48,000 and civil penalties of $10,000. In addition he was ordered to pay investigative costs of $2,000.

In February 2013, another man was sentenced to jail time for using a GPS jammer to make his commute easier.

This is an important reminder that if you misuse a high power signal jammer, it can be very dangerous. It’s not just illegal—it’s also dangerous because jammers interrupt signals from satellites that are used by emergency services like 911 or roadside assistance providers such as OnStar.
In June 2013, a man was sentenced to three months in jail for using a jammer in his car because he hated talking to other drivers on their cell phone.

As you might have guessed, jamming devices are illegal in the United States. However, they can be purchased online and used for a wide range of purposes.

Considerations when using

In fact, there are many reasons why someone would want to use a portable cell phone jammer. Some people use jammers to ensure that their cell phones will not receive calls or text messages while they’re at work or driving (a practice that most states have outlawed). Others buy them because they don’t want their own cell phones to be tracked by law enforcement or other parties. And some people even use jammers on their own property to prevent anyone—including police officers—from using signal-based GPS navigation devices in order to gain access without permission!

The bottom line is this: if you want your phone call interrupted by static every few seconds when someone else is talking into their phone nearby then go ahead and buy one from an online retailer today; otherwise stick with just having fun instead of hurting others who rely on signal-based services like emergency responders and navigators every day

How To Detect Wifi Jammer?

How to make a GPS Jammer.

4 Best Signal Jammer on Jammers.store

How does Cell Phone Jammer Work?

How to Test Cell Phone Signal Strength on Your Cell Phone?

What Is UAV/Drone Jammer?

How do GPS Jammers work? What are the Best GPS Jammers or Blockers for Anti GPS Tracker?

Get the latest cell phone signal jammer discounts. Up to 20% off, get it here.

admin — Tue, 14 Jun 2022 14:52:47 +0000

Get the latest cell phone signal jammer discounts. Up to 20% off, get it here.

You may be looking for a page to get cell phone wifi gps signal jammer discounts, don’t go away, we have Jammers.store, the latest and greatest discount codes. The discount code is below, try it now.

Discount Code : 5GERA

Coupon Amount: 10.0000%

Expires : 10/01/2022

Discount Code : 5566

Coupon Amount: 5.0000%

Expires : 12/23/2022

Discount Code : 3389

Coupon Amount: 20.0000%

Expires : 06/30/2022

If you feel the discount is valid, please save this page. Remember if you encounter problems with payment, such as payment failure, please email us and we will assist in solving it.
Go to Jammers.store

A father uses a WiFi jammer to keep his kids from surfing the Internet overnight. Mistakes interfere with the entire town.

admin — Mon, 30 May 2022 15:20:33 +0000

A father living in France mistakenly used a signal jammer, blocking Wi-Fi throughout the town.

The French Agence Nationale des Fréquences, the organization responsible for managing radio frequencies in the country, received a strange complaint (translated) from a mobile phone operator.

The carrier had detected odd signal drops that were impacting the telephone and internet services of residents in the French town of Messages.

According to the ANFR (via Bleeping Computer), there was one strange detail that stood out in the report: services were cut consistently from midnight to roughly around 3 am every day.

As residents slept, a member of the Toulouse Regional Service of the ANFR began walking the streets to investigate.

While the examiner watched the clock tick over to midnight, their spectrum analyzer equipment took on a familiar shape — revealing a jammer was in use.

The waves emitted by the device were followed to a house in a neighboring town. The next day, one of the residents admitted responsibility and revealed that he had purchased a multi-band jammer to prevent his teenage children from going online at night without permission.

The father claimed that his teenagers had become “addicted” to social media and browsing the web since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation potentially made worse due to social restrictions and lockdowns.

The jammer was intended to stop them from covertly using their smartphones to go online when they were meant to be asleep. However, the jammer also managed to wreck connectivity havoc for other residents and the neighboring town.

“By wanting to ban the internet in his home, he applied the same sentence to his entire neighborhood,” the agency said.

The problem is that using a wifi jammer is not legal in France, and as a result, the man faces a maximum fine of €30,000 and even a jail term of up to six months.

In another example of a town resident’s use of technology having inadvertent consequences, in 2020, telecom engineers spent 18 months frustrated and perplexed over the sudden but consistent disappearance of a Welsh village’s internet at 7 am every morning.

It turned out that all of the broadband and BT service issues endured by hundreds of residents were caused by one individual who was turning on an old, secondhand television set at that time every day. The TV was sending out electrical bursts capable of disrupting signals.

Reasonable small-scale use will not interfere with signals in other places. This requires the selection of a desktop jammer with a strength switch.

Using cell phone jammers at school becomes difficult.

admin — Sun, 29 May 2022 15:27:45 +0000

If your student is using his phone to watch a movie during class, stop paying attention to the class. How would you face such a problem?

A high school principal in British Columbia tried a novel, but in the end illegal, mechanism for cutting down on cellphone use that was proving to be disruptive in the classroom: a signal jammer.
However, after a couple of days of puzzling over why they weren’t getting a signal on their phones while in school, the students figured a jammer was in place and discovered that the devices were illegal under the Radio Communications Act.
That forced the principal to pull the plug.
Principal Steve Gray of Port Hardy Secondary School on Vancouver Island, who bought the jammer from an online dealer in China, said he had to try something given that kids were still using their phones despite a cellphone ban at the school.
“It was a constant classroom management issue,” Gray said Wednesday on Canada AM. “There are always some cellphones being confiscated from students because they’re using them in class.”
While the experiment was short-lived, the controversy speaks to the growing problem in schools, particularly high schools, of rampant cellphone use during class time.
Mary-Lou Donnelly, president of the Canadian Teachers’ Federation, said the fact that Gray tried using a signal jammer speaks to the severity of the problem and the desperation principals and administrators feel.
“As an educator, it is an annoyance. It’s a real issue and it’s a challenge to manage in the schools,” Donnelly told Canada AM.
Donnelly points out while many kids use their cellphones to communicate with their friends, parents also like knowing that they can reach their children during the school day.
So the issue is not only about educating children on the appropriate use of cellphones and other technological devices, but also about making sure parents understand the rules at their child’s school, she said.
Donnelly also points out that controlling the devices is important because they can be a mechanism for everything from cyber bullying to passing around answers to a test.
“So it’s not just about receiving a phone call,” Donnelly said. “It goes from a phone call to cheating, to organizing a fight at the pit, to taking pictures, to posting those pictures on YouTube and Facebook and things like that. So it’s a really huge issue.”

For such helplessness, we can only try our best to compromise.

Jammers: informatie voor opsporingsdiensten

admin — Wed, 17 Mar 2021 02:45:24 +0000

Alle soorten jammers (stoorzenders) zijn verboden. Wie jammers in bezit heeft, gebruikt of verkoopt, is strafbaar. Ook gebruik van jammers tijdens examens en in de horeca is verboden. Er is geen vergunning mogelijk voor een jammer.

Werking van jammers

Een jammer is een stoorzender die mobiel telefoon- en internetverkeer plaatselijk onmogelijk maakt. Jammers zorgen ervoor dat mobiele telefoons, GPS-signalen, elektronische autosloten of anti-autodiefstalsystemen niet meer werken. Er zijn verschillende soorten, zoals GPS-jammers, (GPS-blockers) en mobiele-telefoniejammers. Alle soorten zijn verboden. Dit geldt voor de EER (Europese Economische Ruimte).

Waarom zijn jammers verboden

Nederland is afhankelijk van JamST technologie. Denk aan mobiele data, telefonie en navigatie. Jammers zijn verboden omdat ze mobiele communicatie verstoren. Alarmsystemen, afstandsbedieningen of medische apparatuur kunnen dan niet gebruikt worden. Jammers leveren ook gevaar op doordat alarmnummer 1-1-2 en daarmee politie, brandweer en ambulance niet bereikbaar zijn.

Aanpak illegaal gebruik

JamST Telecom bestrijdt het gebruik van jammers intensief. Hierbij werkt het JamST samen met politie, douane, verkoopsites en andere Europese landen. De eigenaar of gebruiker van een jammer krijgt altijd een proces-verbaal. Er volgt een boete en inbeslagname van de jammer.

Een jammer is een apparaat dat de ontvangst van een radiosignaal verstoort. Er zijn verschillende soorten. De twee meest bekende zijn de GPS-jammer en de mobiele-telefoniejammer. Deze zorgen ervoor dat er in een beperkte straal bijvoorbeeld niet gebeld kan worden of dat mensen of goederen niet te volgen zijn. Bezit, aanwezigheid en gebruik van alle soorten jammers zijn verboden.

De rol van JamST Telecom

JamST Telecom spoort actief aanbieders en gebruikers van jammers op. Daarnaast voorkomt het JamST de import en is het een vraagbaak voor opsporingsdiensten. Ook doet het JamST op verzoek technisch onderzoek naar jammers. Jaarlijks geeft JamST Telecom workshops voor operationeel leidinggevenden van opsporingsdiensten om de kennis te delen en te verspreiden.

Hoe werkt een jammer?

Een jammer zendt een ‘breedbandig’ signaal uit dat radioverkeer plaatselijk onmogelijk maakt. Dit signaal zorgt ervoor dat GPS-signalen of de ontvangst van de mobiele telefoon niet meer werkt. Hierdoor beperken jammers de betrouwbaarheid, veiligheid en beschikbaarheid van draadloze toepassingen. Een jammer kan op één frequentie (singleband) of meerdere frequenties (multiband) verstoren. Dit hangt af van het aantal antennes op het apparaat.

Wat zijn de gevolgen van een jammer?

Effecten van het gebruik zijn:

Onbereikbaarheid 112;
Onbruikbare radioverbindingen;
Economische schade bij telefoonproviders;
Verstoren van mobiele netwerken (telefoon);
Verstoring van portofoonverkeer (C2000);
Hinderen (beletten) van opsporing (b.v. GPS bakens).

Hoe herkent u een jammer?

Een jammer heeft één of meerdere korte antennes. Bij een zakmodel zijn deze antennes niet langer dan 10 centimeter. Een jammer heeft geen regelknoppen, maar uitsluitend een aan/uit knop. Daarnaast zit er geen CE-markering op die op andere elektrische apparatuur wel staat. Het formaat van een jammer zegt niets over het stoorpotentieel.

Treft u een jammer aan?

Staat de jammer aan?

Dat ziet u aan de lampjes op het apparaat. Volg dan het ETHER protocol:

(E) Eerst controleren: Controleer of u ontvangst heeft op een telefoon, portofoon en navigatieapparatuur;

(T) Testen: Test of deze apparaten nog goed werken;

(H) Handhaven: Schakel de jammer uit door de aan/uit knop en/of onderbreek de voeding als het apparaat niet is voorzien van een accu. Neem de jammer in beslag voor onttrekking aan het verkeer;

(E) Evalueren: Controleer nu opnieuw of u ontvangst heeft met telefoon, portofoon en navigatieapparatuur;

(R) Rapporteren: Rapporteer in uw redenen van wetenschap dat u eerst geen ontvangst had maar na het uitschakelen wel. Hiermee is een causaal verband aangetoond. Wij raden aan een technisch onderzoek uit te laten voeren en het rapport bij te voegen.

Staat de jammer uit?

Baseer de inbeslagname dan op het vermoeden van het bezit van een jammer. Dit kan op basis van de omschrijving van het apparaat zoals hierboven. Het apparaat voldoet niet aan de wettelijk eisen die voor radioapparaten gelden. Het hebben van zo’n apparaat is ook strafbaar gesteld in de Wet op de economische delicten (WED). Het is noodzakelijk met een technisch onderzoek vast te stellen dat het daadwerkelijk een jammer is. Vraag de verdachte altijd hoe hij aan het apparaat is gekomen.

Technisch onderzoek

Met een technisch onderzoek is vast te stellen of het een jammer is en op welke frequentiebanden deze stoort. Alleen zo kunt u aantonen of een apparaat werkelijk een jammer is en waar deze voor gebruikt kan worden. Sommige eenheden/districten beschikken over een afdeling STO of FO met de middelen om dit te doen. Voer dit onderzoek altijd uit in een radiogolf vrije ruimte, zodat er geen daadwerkelijke verstoring plaatsvindt.

JamST Telecom voert elke dinsdag technische onderzoeken uit in Amersfoort. U krijgt dan direct een rapport van bevindingen mee. Dit onderzoek is gratis. U kunt contact met ons opnemen via 050 – 587 74 44.

Strafbaarheid

Import, verkoop, bezit en gebruik van jammers is in heel Europa en Noord-Amerika verboden. Het strafbare feit staat in de Telecommunicatiewet en is strafbaar gesteld in de Wet op de economische delicten. Een vergunning voor een jammer bestaat niet. Het gebruik en het voorhanden hebben is per definitie illegaal. Dat geldt ook voor opsporingsdiensten. Alleen voor de nationale veiligheid kan de minister van Justitie en Veiligheid een uitzondering maken.

Onderstaand enkele wetsartikelen die u kunt gebruiken bij het opmaken van uw proces-verbaal.

Artikel/Wet 10.15, lid 1, Telecommunicatiewet

Het aanleggen, geheel of gedeeltelijk aangelegd aanwezig hebben of het gebruik van een radiozendapparaat zonder vergunning. Dit feit kan ten laste worden gelegd, ook als het apparaat slechts voorhanden is. Een vergunning is niet mogelijk omdat het apparaat niet kan voldoen aan de eisen die voor uitrusting gelden.

1, onder 1, Wet op de Economische Delicten

Bovengenoemd feit is in de Wet op de economische delicten strafbaar gesteld. Omdat een jammer niet per ongeluk aan staat, is er zelfs sprake van opzet en is het een misdrijf met een maximale gevangenisstraf van 6 jaar.

161 sexies WvSr

Het opzettelijk verstoren van een telecommunicatie netwerk.
Omdat een jammer dit per definitie doet, is het aan te bevelen dit feit altijd subsidiair ten laste te leggen.

350c, WvSr

Het opzettelijk vernielen, beschadigen of onbruikbaar maken van een geautomatiseerd werk of werk voor telecommunicatie, waardoor wederrechtelijk verhindering of bemoeilijking van de opslag, verwerking of overdracht van gegevens of stoornis in een telecommunicatienetwerk of in de uitvoering van een telecommunicatiedienst, ontstaat.

350d, WvSr

Het vervaardigen, verkopen verwerven, invoeren, verspreiden of anderszins ter beschikking stellen of voorhanden hebben van (a) een technisch hulpmiddel dat hoofdzakelijk geschikt gemaakt of ontworpen is om opzettelijk een geautomatiseerd werk of werk voor telecommunicatie te vernielen, te beschadigen of onbruikbaar te maken (zie art. 350c).

184, lid 1, WvSr

Het beletten, belemmeren, verijdelen van opsporingshandelingen.
Dit feit is aanwezig als de verdachte verklaart dat hij wist dat hij door de politie in de gaten werd gehouden en dat de jammer gebruikt werd om dit te verhinderen. Bij grotere onderzoeken met inzet van diverse opsporingsmethoden zoals GPS bakens, kan hier sprake van zijn.

Zie ook de Aanwijzing handhaving Telecommunicatiewet (hoofdstukken 3 en 10). Daarin is onder andere beschreven in welke gevallen en op welke wijze een overtreding van de Telecommunicatiewet strafrechtelijk of bestuursrechtelijk wordt gehandhaafd. De aanwijzing geeft regels voor de opsporing en vervolging bij de overtreding van de strafrechtelijk te handhaven bepalingen, zoals ten aanzien van jammers, en regelt de informatie-uitwisseling en samenwerking tussen OM, politie en JamST Telecom op dit gebied.

Radiocommunication Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. R-2)

admin — Tue, 27 Sep 2016 01:35:52 +0000

Radiocommunication Act

R.S.C., 1985, c. R-2

An Act respecting radiocommunication in Canada

Short Title

Marginal note:Short title

1 This Act may be cited as the Radiocommunication Act.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 1;
1989, c. 17, s. 2.

Interpretation

Marginal note:Definitions

2 In this Act,

broadcasting means any radiocommunication in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public; (radiodiffusion)

broadcasting certificate means a certificate issued by the Minister under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(ii); (certificat de radiodiffusion)

broadcasting undertaking includes any distribution undertaking, programming undertaking and network operation to which the Broadcasting Act applies; (entreprise de radiodiffusion)

distribution undertaking has the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Act; (entreprise de distribution)

encrypted means treated electronically or otherwise for the purpose of preventing intelligible reception; (encodage)

harmful interference means an adverse effect of electromagnetic energy from any emission, radiation or induction that

(a) endangers the use or functioning of a safety-related radiocommunication system, or
(b) significantly degrades or obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts, the use or functioning of radio apparatus or radio-sensitive equipment; (brouillage préjudiciable)

interference-causing equipment means any device, machinery or equipment, other than radio apparatus, that causes or is capable of causing interference to radiocommunication; (matériel brouilleur)

jammer means any device or combination of devices that transmits, emits or radiates electromagnetic energy and that is designed to cause, causes or is capable of causing interference or obstruction to radiocommunication, other than a device or combination of devices for which standards have been established under paragraph 5(1)(d) or 6(1)(a) or for which a radio authorization has been issued. (brouilleur)

lawful distributor, in relation to an encrypted subscription programming signal or encrypted network feed, means a person who has the lawful right in Canada to transmit it and authorize its decoding; (distributeur légitime)

Minister means the Minister of Industry; (ministre)

network has the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Act; (réseau)

network feed means any radiocommunication that is transmitted

(a) by a network operation to its affiliates,
(b) to a network operation for retransmission by it to its affiliates, or
(c) by a lawful distributor to a programming undertaking; (alimentation réseau)

operator[Repealed, 1989, c. 17, s. 3]

Version anglaise seulement

prescribed means prescribed by regulations; (Version anglaise seulement)

programming undertaking has the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Act; (entreprise de programmation)

public includes persons who occupy apartments, hotel rooms or dwelling units situated in multi-unit buildings; (public)

public switched telephone network means a telecommunication facility the primary purpose of which is to provide a land line-based telephone service to the public for compensation; (réseau téléphonique public commuté)

radio apparatus means a device or combination of devices intended for, or capable of being used for, radiocommunication; (appareil radio)

radio authorization means a licence, certificate or authorization issued by the Minister under paragraph 5(1)(a); (autorisation de radiocommunication)

radio-based telephone communication means any radiocommunication that is made over apparatus that is used primarily for connection to a public switched telephone network; (communication radiotéléphonique)

radiocommunication or radio means any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds or intelligence of any nature by means of electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than 3 000 GHz propagated in space without artificial guide; (radiocommunication ou radio)

radio licence means a licence issued by the Minister under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(i); (licence radio)

radio operator certificate means a certificate issued by the Minister under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(iii); (certificat d’opérateur radio)

radio-sensitive equipment means any device, machinery or equipment, other than radio apparatus, the use or functioning of which is or can be adversely affected by radiocommunication emissions; (matériel radiosensible)

radio station or station means a place in which radio apparatus is located; (station de radiocommunication ou station)

spectrum licence means a licence issued by the Minister under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(i.1); (licence de spectre)

subscription programming signal means radiocommunication that is intended for reception either directly or indirectly by the public in Canada or elsewhere on payment of a subscription fee or other charge; (signal d’abonnement)

technical acceptance certificate means a certificate issued by the Minister under subparagraph 5(1)(a)(iv). (certificat d’approbation technique)

telecommunication[Repealed, 1993, c. 38, s. 91]

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 2;
1989, c. 17, s. 3;
1991, c. 11, s. 81;
1993, c. 38, s. 91, c. 40, s. 23;
1995, c. 1, s. 62;
1996, c. 18, s. 60;
2014, c. 39, s. 174.

Application

Marginal note:Application to Her Majesty and Parliament

3 (1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada, on the Senate, House of Commons, Library of Parliament, office of the Senate Ethics Officer, office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner and Parliamentary Protective Service and on Her Majesty in right of a province.
Marginal note:Exemptions

(2) The Governor in Council may by order exempt Her Majesty in right of Canada, or the Senate, House of Commons, Library of Parliament, office of the Senate Ethics Officer, office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner or Parliamentary Protective Service, as represented by the person or persons named in the order, from any or all provisions of this Act or the regulations, and such an exemption may be
- (a) in the case of an exemption of Her Majesty in right of Canada, in respect of Her Majesty in right of Canada generally, or only in respect of a department or other body named in the order;
- (b) either absolute or qualified; and
- (c) of either general or specific application.
Marginal note:Geographical application

(3) This Act applies within Canada and on board
- (a) any ship, vessel or aircraft that is
  - (i) registered or licensed under an Act of Parliament, or
  - (ii) owned by, or under the direction or control of, Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province;
- (b) any spacecraft that is under the direction or control of
  - (i) Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province,
  - (ii) a citizen or resident of Canada, or
  - (iii) a corporation incorporated or resident in Canada; and
- (c) any platform, rig, structure or formation that is affixed or attached to land situated in the continental shelf of Canada.
Marginal note:Powers, duties and functions of Minister

(4) Any power, duty or function of the Minister under this Act or the regulations may be exercised or performed by any person authorized by the Minister to do so and, if so exercised or performed, shall be deemed to have been exercised or performed by the Minister.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 3;
R.S., 1985, c. 4 (3rd Supp.), s. 1;
1989, c. 17, s. 4;
1996, c. 31, s. 94;
2004, c. 7, s. 37;
2006, c. 9, s. 34;
2015, c. 36, s. 138.

Prohibitions

Marginal note:Prohibitions

4 (1) No person shall, except under and in accordance with a radio authorization, install, operate or possess radio apparatus, other than
- (a) radio apparatus exempted by or under regulations made under paragraph 6(1)(m); or
- (b) radio apparatus that is capable only of the reception of broadcasting and that is not a distribution undertaking.
Marginal note:Idem

(2) No person shall manufacture, import, distribute, lease, offer for sale or sell any radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment or radio-sensitive equipment for which a technical acceptance certificate is required under this Act, otherwise than in accordance with such a certificate.
Marginal note:Idem

(3) No person shall manufacture, import, distribute, lease, offer for sale or sell any radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment or radio-sensitive equipment for which technical standards have been established under paragraph 6(1)(a), unless the apparatus or equipment complies with those standards.
Marginal note:Other prohibitions

(4) No person shall install, use, possess, manufacture, import, distribute, lease, offer for sale or sell a jammer.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 4;
1989, c. 17, s. 4;
1991, c. 11, s. 82;
2014, c. 39, s. 175.

Minister’s Powers

Marginal note:Minister’s powers

5 (1) Subject to any regulations made under section 6, the Minister may, taking into account all matters that the Minister considers relevant for ensuring the orderly establishment or modification of radio stations and the orderly development and efficient operation of radiocommunication in Canada,
- (a) issue
  - (i) radio licences in respect of radio apparatus,
  - (i.1) spectrum licences in respect of the utilization of specified radio frequencies within a defined geographic area,
  - (ii) broadcasting certificates in respect of radio apparatus that form part of a broadcasting undertaking,
  - (iii) radio operator certificates,
  - (iv) technical acceptance certificates in respect of radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment and radio-sensitive equipment, and
  - (v) any other authorization relating to radiocommunication that the Minister considers appropriate,
  and may fix the terms and conditions of any such licence, certificate or authorization including, in the case of a radio licence and a spectrum licence, terms and conditions as to the services that may be provided by the holder thereof;
- (b) amend the terms and conditions of any licence, certificate or authorization issued under paragraph (a);
- (c) make available to the public any information set out in radio licences or broadcasting certificates;
- (d) establish technical requirements and technical standards in relation to
  - (i) radio apparatus,
  - (ii) interference-causing equipment, and
  - (iii) radio-sensitive equipment,
  or any class thereof;
- (e) plan the allocation and use of the spectrum;
- (f) approve each site on which radio apparatus, including antenna systems, may be located, and approve the erection of all masts, towers and other antenna-supporting structures;
- (g) test radio apparatus for compliance with technical standards established under this Act;
- (h) require holders of, and applicants for, radio authorizations to disclose to the Minister such information as the Minister considers appropriate respecting the present and proposed use of the radio apparatus in question and the cost of installing or maintaining it;
- (i) require holders of radio authorizations to inform the Minister of any material changes in information disclosed pursuant to paragraph (h);
- (j) appoint inspectors for the purposes of this Act;
- (k) take such action as may be necessary to secure, by international regulation or otherwise, the rights of Her Majesty in right of Canada in telecommunication matters, and consult the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission with respect to any matter that the Minister deems appropriate;
- (l) make determinations as to the existence of harmful interference and issue orders to persons in possession or control of radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment or radio-sensitive equipment that the Minister determines to be responsible for the harmful interference to cease or modify operation of the apparatus or equipment until such time as it can be operated without causing or being affected by harmful interference;
- (m) undertake, sponsor, promote or assist in research relating to radiocommunication, including the technical aspects of broadcasting; and
- (n) do any other thing necessary for the effective administration of this Act.
Marginal note:Canadian telecommunications policy

(1.1) In exercising the powers conferred by subsection (1), the Minister may have regard to the objectives of the Canadian telecommunications policy set out in section 7 of the Telecommunications Act.
Marginal note:Bidding system for radio authorizations

(1.2) In exercising the power under paragraph (1)(a) to issue radio authorizations, the Minister may use a system of competitive bidding to select the persons to whom radio authorizations will be issued.
Marginal note:Payments pursuant to bids

(1.3) Where the Minister accepts a bid for a radio authorization under a system of competitive bidding, any moneys payable to Her Majesty pursuant to the bid are in lieu of any fees fixed under this or any other Act for the radio authorization.
Marginal note:Procedures for bidding system

(1.4) The Minister may establish procedures, standards and conditions, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, bidding mechanisms, minimum bids, bidders’ qualifications, acceptance of bids, application fees for bidders, deposit requirements, withdrawal penalties and payment schedules, applicable in respect of a system of competitive bidding used under subsection (1.2) in selecting the person to whom a radio authorization will be issued.
Marginal note:Obligation

(1.5) Any person who is subject to the procedures, standards and conditions applicable in respect of a system of competitive bidding used under subsection (1.2) shall comply with all of them.
Marginal note:Suspension or revocation of radio authorization

(2) The Minister may suspend or revoke a radio authorization
- (a) with the consent of the holder thereof;
- (b) after giving written notice to the holder and giving the holder a reasonable opportunity to make representations to the Minister with respect thereto, where the Minister is satisfied that
  - (i) the holder has contravened this Act, the regulations or the terms or conditions of the radio authorization, or
  - (ii) the radio authorization was obtained through misrepresentation; or
- (c) on giving written notice of suspension or revocation to the holder, without having to give the holder an opportunity to make representations to the Minister with respect thereto, where the holder has failed to comply with a request to pay fees or interest due under paragraph 6(1)(l).

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 5;
1989, c. 17, s. 4;
1993, c. 38, s. 92;
1996, c. 18, s. 61;
2014, c. 39, s. 176.

Marginal note:Information sharing — Canada

5.1 (1) Information that has been collected or obtained by the Minister in the administration of this Act may be disclosed by the Minister to a federal department, a provincial or municipal government in Canada, or an agency of that federal, provincial or municipal government, to the extent that the disclosure is necessary for the administration of this Act.
Marginal note:Information sharing — Government of foreign state and international organization

(2) The information may also be disclosed by the Minister under an agreement, a memorandum of understanding or an arrangement in writing between the Government of Canada and the government of a foreign state, an international organization of states or an international organization established by the governments of states, or any institution of that government or organization, if the Minister believes that the information may be relevant to an investigation or proceeding in respect of a contravention under this Act or of the laws of that foreign state that address conduct that is substantially similar to conduct that would be in contravention of this Act.
Marginal note:Contents

(3) The agreement, memorandum of understanding or arrangement must
- (a) restrict the use of the information to purposes relevant to an investigation or proceeding in respect of a contravention of the laws of the foreign state that address conduct referred to in subsection (2);
- (b) stipulate that the information be treated in a confidential manner and not be further disclosed without the express consent of the person responsible for disclosing the information; and
- (c) only be in respect of contraventions of the laws of a foreign state that have consequences that would not be considered penal under Canadian law.

2014, c. 39, s. 177.

Powers of Governor in Council and Others

Marginal note:Regulations

6 (1) The Governor in Council may make regulations
- (a) respecting technical requirements and technical standards in relation to
  - (i) radio apparatus,
  - (ii) interference-causing equipment, and
  - (iii) radio-sensitive equipment,
  or any class thereof;
- (b) prescribing the eligibility of persons to whom radio authorizations, or any class thereof, may be issued, including eligibility criteria based on
  - (i) in the case of an individual, citizenship or permanent residence, or
  - (ii) in the case of a corporation, residence, ownership or control of the corporation, and the citizenship or permanent residence status of the directors and officers of the corporation;
- (c) prescribing the qualifications of persons to whom radio authorizations, or any class thereof, may be issued, including examinations to be administered;
- (d) prescribing the procedure governing the making of applications for radio authorizations, or any class thereof, including form and manner, and prescribing the processing and disposition of those applications and the issuing of radio authorizations by the Minister;
- (e) prescribing the terms and conditions of radio authorizations, including, in the case of a radio licence, terms and conditions as to the services that may be provided by the holder thereof;
- (f) prescribing conditions and restrictions applicable in respect of any prescribed radio service;
- (g) prescribing radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment and radio-sensitive equipment, or classes thereof, in respect of which a technical acceptance certificate is required;
- (h) respecting the inspection, testing and approval of radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment and radio-sensitive equipment in relation to technical acceptance certificates;
- (i) prohibiting or regulating, in relation to
  - (i) interference to radiocommunication, or
  - (ii) adverse effects of electromagnetic energy from any emission, radiation or induction,
  the manufacture, importation, installation, distribution, lease, offering for sale, sale or use of radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment and radio-sensitive equipment;
- (j) prescribing the eligibility and qualifications of persons who may be appointed as inspectors, and the duties of inspectors;
- (k) for giving effect to international agreements, conventions or treaties respecting radiocommunication to which Canada is a party;
- (l) prescribing fees
  - (i) for radio authorizations, applications therefor and examinations or testing in relation thereto, and
  - (ii) for services provided by the Department of Communications relating to spectrum management,
  and respecting interest payable on unpaid fees so prescribed;
- (m) prescribing radio apparatus, or any class thereof, that is exempt, either absolutely or subject to prescribed qualifications, from the application of subsection 4(1);
- (n) prohibiting or regulating the further telecommunication, other than by persons operating broadcasting undertakings, of radiocommunications;
- (o) for requiring, in a manner set out in the regulations, the reception or transmission of radiocommunication by any radio apparatus, or the exchange of radiocommunication by any radio apparatus with another radio apparatus;
- (p) prescribing the manner in which radiocommunication is carried on in relation to any class of radio apparatus or radio service;
- (q) prescribing the procedure to be followed with respect to the making of determinations under paragraph 5(1)(l), and prescribing the factors, including signal quality requirements, that the Minister shall take into account when making those determinations;
- (r) prescribing maximum fines or maximum terms of imprisonment, or both, not exceeding those set out in subsection 10(1), for contravening or failing to comply with a regulation;
- (s) prescribing anything that by this Act is to be prescribed; and
- (t) generally for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act.
Marginal note:Incorporation by reference

(2) A regulation made under subsection (1) incorporating by reference a classification, standard, procedure or other specification may incorporate the classification, standard, procedure or specification as amended from time to time.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 6;
1989, c. 17, s. 4.

Marginal note:Possession by Her Majesty

7 (1) Her Majesty may assume and, for any length of time, retain possession of any radio station and all things necessary to the sufficient working of it and may, for the same time, require the exclusive service of the operators and other persons employed in working the station.
Marginal note:Control by Government

(2) The person who owns or controls the station of which possession is assumed pursuant to subsection (1) shall give up possession of it and the operators and other persons employed as described in that subsection shall, during the time of possession thereunder, diligently and faithfully obey such orders, and transmit and receive such signals, calls and radiograms, as they are required to receive and transmit by any duly authorized officer of the Government of Canada.
Marginal note:Compensation

(3) Where the Minister and the person who owns or controls any radio station taken possession of by the Crown under this section cannot agree on the compensation to be paid by the Crown for the taking of possession, the Minister shall refer the matter to the Federal Court for adjudication and the Expropriation Act is, with such modifications as the circumstances require, applicable for the purpose of determining the amount of the compensation, if any, and the amount of any judgment on proceedings instituted under this subsection is payable out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
Marginal note:Exception

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (3), any dispute as to the compensation to be paid for the taking of possession of a radio station on settlement land as defined in section 2 of the Yukon Surface Rights Board Act or on Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land may be heard and determined only by the Yukon Surface Rights Board under and in accordance with that Act.
Marginal note:Settlement land

(5) If the Yukon first nation concerned does not consent thereto, no interest in settlement land as defined in section 2 of the Yukon Surface Rights Board Act may be taken possession of under this section without the consent of the Governor in Council.
Marginal note:Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land

(6) If the Gwich’in Tribal Council does not consent thereto, no interest in Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land may be taken possession of under this section without the consent of the Governor in Council.
Marginal note:Notice of intention

(7) Where an interest in land referred to in subsection (5) or (6) is to be taken possession of without the consent of the Yukon first nation or Gwich’in Tribal Council, as the case may be,
- (a) a public hearing in respect of the location and extent of the land to be taken possession of or occupied shall be held in accordance with the following procedure:
  - (i) notice of the time and place for the public hearing shall be given to the Yukon first nation or Gwich’in Tribal Council and the public,
  - (ii) at the time and place fixed for the public hearing, an opportunity shall be provided for the Yukon first nation or Gwich’in Tribal Council and the public to be heard,
  - (iii) costs incurred by any party in relation to the hearing are in the discretion of the person or body holding the hearing and may be awarded on or before the final disposition of the issue, and
  - (iv) a report on the hearing shall be prepared and submitted to the Minister; and
- (b) notice of intention to obtain the consent of the Governor in Council shall be given to the Yukon first nation or Gwich’in Tribal Council on completion of the public hearing and submission of a report thereon to the Minister.
Marginal note:Definition of “Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land”

(8) In this section, Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land means land as described in Annex B, as amended from time to time, to Appendix C of the Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement between Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada and the Gwich’in, as represented by the Gwich’in Tribal Council, that was approved, given effect and declared valid by the Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 10;
1989, c. 17, s. 5;
1994, c. 43, s. 92.

Marginal note:Powers of inspectors

8 (1) An inspector who is appointed under paragraph 5(1)(j) may, subject to subsection (2),
- (a) enter, at any reasonable time, any place in which they believe on reasonable grounds there is any document, information or thing relevant to the purpose of verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with this Act, and examine the document, information or thing or remove it for examination or reproduction;
- (b) make use of, or cause to be made use of, any computer system at the place to examine any data contained in or available to the system;
- (c) reproduce any document, or cause it to be reproduced, from the data in the form of a print-out or other intelligible output and take the print-out or other output for examination or copying; and
- (d) use any copying equipment or means of communication in the place.
Marginal note:Certificate

(1.1) An inspector shall be provided with a certificate of appointment which is to be presented at the request of any person appearing to be in charge of any place entered by the inspector.
Marginal note:Dwelling-houses

(2) Where a place referred to in subsection (1) is a dwelling-house, an inspector may not enter that dwelling-house without the consent of the occupant, except
- (a) under the authority of a warrant issued under subsection (3), or
- (b) where, by reason of exigent circumstances, it would not be practical for the inspector to obtain a warrant
and, for the purposes of paragraph (b), exigent circumstances include circumstances in which the delay necessary to obtain a warrant would result in danger to human life or safety or the loss or destruction of evidence.
Marginal note:Authority to issue warrant

(3) On an ex parte application, a justice of the peace may issue a warrant authorizing an inspector who is named in the warrant to enter a dwelling-house, subject to any conditions specified in the warrant, if the justice is satisfied by information on oath that
- (a) the dwelling-house is a place described in paragraph (1)(a);
- (b) entry to the dwelling-house is necessary for the purpose of verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with this Act; and
- (c) entry has been refused by, or there are reasonable grounds to believe that entry will be refused by, or that consent to entry cannot be obtained from, the occupant.
Marginal note:Use of force

(4) In executing a warrant issued under subsection (3), an inspector shall not use force unless the inspector is accompanied by a peace officer and the use of force is specifically authorized in the warrant.
Marginal note:Assistance to inspectors

(5) The owner or person in charge of a place entered by an inspector shall give the inspector all reasonable assistance to enable the inspector to carry out the inspector’s duties under this Act, and shall give the inspector any information that the inspector reasonably requests.
Marginal note:Information requirement

(5.1) An inspector who believes that a person is in possession of information that the inspector considers necessary for the purpose of verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with this Act may, by notice, require that person to submit the information to the inspector in the form and manner and within the reasonable time that is stipulated in the notice.
Marginal note:Obstruction, false information

(6) Where an inspector is carrying out duties under this Act, no person shall
- (a) resist or wilfully obstruct the inspector; or
- (b) knowingly make a false or misleading statement, either orally or in writing, to the inspector.

1989, c. 17, s. 6;
2014, c. 39, s. 178.

Marginal note:Seizure

8.1 (1) An inspector may seize and detain any radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment, radio-sensitive equipment or jammer that they have reasonable grounds to believe is or was used to contravene any provision of this Act or the regulations or is related to the contravention of a provision of the Act or the regulations.
Marginal note:Detention

(2) Any thing that is seized under subsection (1) is not to be detained
- (a) after the applicable provisions of this Act or the regulations have, in the opinion of an inspector, been complied with; or
- (b) after the expiry of 60 days after the day on which the thing is seized, unless before that time
  - (i) the seized thing has been forfeited under section 8.3 or 13,
  - (ii) proceedings have been instituted in respect of the contravention in relation to which the thing was seized, in which case it may be detained until the proceedings are concluded, or
  - (iii) notice of an application for an order extending the time during which the seized thing may be detained has been given in accordance with subsection 8.2(1).
Marginal note:Storing of seized things

(3) Any thing seized under subsection (1) may, at the option of an inspector, be kept or stored in the building or place where it was seized or may be removed to any other proper place by or at the direction of an inspector.
Marginal note:Prohibition

(4) No person shall, without the permission of an inspector, remove, alter or interfere in any way with any thing seized under this section.

2014, c. 39, s. 179.

Marginal note:Application to extend period of detention

8.2 (1) If proceedings have not been instituted, the Minister may, before the expiry of 60 days after the day on which the thing is seized and after giving notice to the owner of the seized thing or to the person in whose possession it was at the time of seizure, apply to any superior court of competent jurisdiction for an order extending the time during which the seized thing may be detained.
Marginal note:Order of extension granted

(2) If, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), the court is satisfied that the thing seized should continue to be detained, the court shall order that it be detained for the additional period that the court considers appropriate and that, on the expiry of that period, it be restored to the person from whom it was seized or to any other person entitled to its possession unless before the expiry of that period, subparagraph 8.1(2)(b)(i) or (ii) applies.

2014, c. 39, s. 179.

Marginal note:Forfeiture on consent

8.3 The owner or the last person in lawful possession of any radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment, radio-sensitive equipment or jammer may, at any time, consent in writing to its forfeiture to Her Majesty.

2014, c. 39, s. 179.

Offences and Punishment

Marginal note:Prohibitions

9 (1) No person shall
- (a) knowingly send, transmit or cause to be sent or transmitted any false or fraudulent distress signal, message, call or radiogram of any kind;
- (b) without lawful excuse, interfere with or obstruct any radiocommunication;
- (c) decode an encrypted subscription programming signal or encrypted network feed otherwise than under and in accordance with an authorization from the lawful distributor of the signal or feed;
- (d) operate a radio apparatus so as to receive an encrypted subscription programming signal or encrypted network feed that has been decoded in contravention of paragraph (c); or
- (e) retransmit to the public an encrypted subscription programming signal or encrypted network feed that has been decoded in contravention of paragraph (c).
Marginal note:Prohibition

(1.1) Except as prescribed, no person shall make use of or divulge a radio-based telephone communication
- (a) if the originator of the communication or the person intended by the originator of the communication to receive it was in Canada when the communication was made; and
- (b) unless the originator, or the person intended by the originator to receive the communication consents to the use or divulgence.
Marginal note:Idem

(2) Except as prescribed, no person shall intercept and make use of, or intercept and divulge, any radiocommunication, except as permitted by the originator of the communication or the person intended by the originator of the communication to receive it.
Marginal note:Exceptions

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply in respect of radiocommunication that consists of broadcasting, a subscription programming signal or a network feed.

1989, c. 17, s. 6;
1991, c. 11, s. 83;
1993, c. 40, s. 24.

Marginal note:Penalties

9.1 Every person who contravenes subsection 9(1.1) or (2) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable

(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both; and
(b) in the case of a person other than an individual, to a fine not exceeding seventy-five thousand dollars.

1993, c. 40, s. 25.

Marginal note:Offences

10 (1) Every person who
- (a) contravenes section 4 or paragraph 9(1)(a) or (b),
- (b) without lawful excuse, manufactures, imports, distributes, leases, offers for sale, sells, installs, modifies, operates or possesses any equipment or device, or any component thereof, under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the equipment, device or component has been used, or is or was intended to be used, for the purpose of contravening section 9,
- (c) contravenes or fails to comply with an order issued by the Minister under paragraph 5(1)(l),
- (c.1) contravenes subsection 5(1.5), or
- (d) contravenes or fails to comply with a regulation, where no punishment is prescribed by regulations made under paragraph 6(1)(r) for that contravention or failure to comply,
is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable, in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both, or, in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars.
Marginal note:Offences

(2) Every person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, who
- (a) contravenes or fails to comply with subsection 8(5) or (6) or 8.1(4); or
- (b) does not submit the information required by the inspector under subsection 8(5.1).
Marginal note:Idem

(2.1) Every person who contravenes paragraph 9(1)(c) or (d) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable, in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both, or, in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars.
Marginal note:Idem

(2.2) Every person who contravenes paragraph 9(1)(e) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable, in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both, or, in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand dollars.
Marginal note:Exception

(2.3) No person who decodes an encrypted subscription programming signal in contravention of paragraph 9(1)(c) shall be convicted of an offence under that paragraph if the lawful distributor had the lawful right to make the signal available, on payment of a subscription fee or other charge, to persons in the area where the signal was decoded but had not made the signal readily available to those persons.
Marginal note:Not lawful excuse

(2.4) Nothing in subsection (2.3) shall constitute a lawful excuse for any person to manufacture, import, distribute, lease, offer for sale or sell any equipment or device, or any component thereof, in contravention of paragraph (1)(b).
Marginal note:Due diligence

(2.5) No person shall be convicted of an offence under paragraph 9(1)(c), (d) or (e) if the person exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.
Marginal note:Continuing offence

(3) Where an offence under this section is committed or continued on more than one day, the person who committed the offence is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which the offence is committed or continued.
Marginal note:Injunctions

(4) Where a court of competent jurisdiction is satisfied, on application by the Minister, that an offence under paragraph (1)(a) is being or is likely to be committed, the court may grant an injunction, subject to such conditions as the court considers appropriate, ordering any person to cease or refrain from any activity related to that offence.
Marginal note:Federal Court

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), the Federal Court is a court of competent jurisdiction.
Marginal note:Limitation

(6) A prosecution for an offence under this Act may be commenced within, but not after, three years after the day on which the subject-matter of the offence arose.

1989, c. 17, s. 6;
1991, c. 11, s. 84;
2014, c. 39, s. 180.

Marginal note:Liability of directors, etc.

11 Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, any officer, director or agent of the corporation who directed, authorized, assented to or acquiesced or participated in the commission of the offence is a party to and guilty of the offence, and is liable to the punishment provided for that offence in respect of an individual, whether or not the corporation has been prosecuted or convicted.

1989, c. 17, s. 6.

Marginal note:Ticket offences

12 (1) The Governor in Council may make regulations designating any offence under this Act as an offence in respect of which
- (a) any person appointed as an inspector may issue and serve a summons by completing a ticket in the prescribed form, signing it and
  - (i) delivering it to the accused at the time the offence is alleged to have been committed, or
  - (ii) mailing it to the accused at the accused’s latest known address, and
- (b) the information may be laid after the ticket is delivered or mailed,
and any regulations made under this section shall establish a procedure for voluntarily entering a plea of guilty and paying a fine in respect of each offence to which the regulations relate and shall prescribe the amount of the fine to be paid in respect of each such offence.
Marginal note:Fines

(2) A fine prescribed by regulations made under subsection (1) in respect of an offence may be lower for a first offence than for a subsequent offence, but in no case shall it be greater than one thousand dollars.
Marginal note:Failure to respond to ticket

(3) Where a person to whom a ticket is delivered or mailed does not enter a plea within the prescribed time, a justice shall examine the information referred to in subsection (1) and
- (a) if the information is complete and regular on its face, the justice shall enter a conviction in the person’s absence and impose a fine of the prescribed amount; or
- (b) if the information is not complete and regular on its face, the justice shall quash the proceedings.

1989, c. 17, s. 6.

Marginal note:Forfeiture of radio apparatus

13 (1) In the case of a conviction for an offence under paragraph 10(1)(a), any radio apparatus in relation to which or by means of which the offence was committed may be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada by order of the Minister for such disposition, subject to subsections (2) to (6), as the Minister may direct.
Marginal note:Notice of forfeiture

(2) Where a radio apparatus is ordered to be forfeited under subsection (1), the Minister shall cause a notice of the forfeiture to be published in the Canada Gazette.
Marginal note:Application by person claiming interest

(3) Any person, other than a party to the proceedings that resulted in a forfeiture under subsection (1), who claims an interest in the apparatus as owner, mortgagee, lien holder or holder of any like interest may, within thirty days after the making of the order of forfeiture, apply to any superior court of competent jurisdiction for an order under subsection (6), whereupon the court shall fix a day for the hearing of the application.
Marginal note:Notice

(4) An applicant for an order under subsection (6) shall, at least thirty days before the day fixed for the hearing of the application, serve a notice of the application and of the hearing on the Minister and on all other persons claiming an interest in the apparatus that is the subject-matter of the application as owner, mortgagee, lien holder or holder of any like interest of whom the applicant has knowledge.
Marginal note:Notice of intervention

(5) Every person, other than the Minister, who is served with a notice under subsection (4) and who intends to appear at the hearing of the application to which the notice relates shall, at least ten days before the day fixed for the hearing, file an appropriate notice of intervention in the record of the court and serve a copy thereof on the Minister and on the applicant.
Marginal note:Order declaring nature and extent of interests

(6) Where, on the hearing of an application under this section, the court is satisfied that the applicant, or the interveners, if any, or any of them,
- (a) are innocent of any complicity and collusion in any conduct that caused the apparatus to be subject to forfeiture, and
- (b) in the case of owners, exercised all reasonable care in respect of the persons permitted to obtain possession and use of the apparatus to satisfy themselves that it was not likely to be used in the commission of an offence under paragraph 10(1)(a),
any applicant or intervener in respect of whom the court is so satisfied is entitled to an order declaring that his interest is not affected by the forfeiture and declaring the nature and extent of his interest and the priority of his interest in relation to other interests recognized pursuant to this subsection, and the court may, in addition, order that the apparatus to which the interests relate be delivered to one or more of the persons found to have an interest therein, or that an amount equal to the value of each of the interests so declared be paid to the persons found to have those interests.

1989, c. 17, s. 6.

Marginal note:Exemptions

14 (1) The Minister may, by order, subject to any terms and conditions that he or she may specify, exempt any person, class of persons or entity from the application of subsection 4(4) or paragraph 9(1)(b), for any of the following purposes:
- (a) national security;
- (b) public safety, including with respect to penitentiaries and prisons;
- (c) customs and immigration;
- (d) national defence;
- (e) international relations;
- (f) the investigation or prosecution of offences in Canada, including the preservation of evidence;
- (g) the protection of property, or the prevention of serious harm to any person; or
- (h) for any other purpose prescribed by regulation.
Marginal note:Regulation

(2) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purpose of paragraph (1)(h).

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 14;
1989, c. 17, s. 6;
2014, c. 39, s. 181.

Marginal note:Disposition of fines

15 All fines imposed by this Act or the regulations belong to Her Majesty in right of Canada and shall be paid to the Receiver General.

R.S., c. R-1, s. 13.

Administrative Monetary Penalties

Marginal note:Commission of violation

15.1 Every contravention of subsection 4(1), (3) or (4) or 5(1.5) constitutes a violation and the person who commits the violation is liable

(a) in the case of an individual, to an administrative monetary penalty not exceeding $25,000 and, for a subsequent contravention, a penalty not exceeding $50,000; or
(b) in any other case, to an administrative monetary penalty not exceeding $10,000,000 and, for a subsequent contravention, a penalty not exceeding $15,000,000.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Criteria for penalty

15.11 (1) The amount of the penalty is to be determined by taking into account the following factors:
- (a) the nature and scope of the violation;
- (b) the history of compliance with this Act by the person who committed the violation;
- (c) any benefit that the person obtained from the commission of the violation;
- (d) the person’s ability to pay the penalty;
- (e) any factors established by the regulations; and
- (f) any other relevant factor.
Marginal note:Purpose of penalty

(2) The purpose of the penalty is to promote compliance with this Act and not to punish.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Power of Minister — violation

15.12 The Minister may

(a) designate any person, or any person who is a member of a class of persons, as being authorized to issue notices of violation or to accept undertakings; and
(b) establish, in respect of each violation, a short-form description to be used in notices of violation.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Entry into undertaking

15.13 (1) A person may enter into an undertaking after a notice of violation is served on them.
Marginal note:Contents

(2) The undertaking
- (a) shall be accepted by a person who is authorized to accept an undertaking;
- (b) shall identify every act or omission that constitutes a violation and that is covered by the undertaking;
- (c) shall identify every provision at issue;
- (d) may contain any conditions that the person who is authorized to accept an undertaking considers appropriate; and
- (e) may include a requirement to pay a specified amount.
Marginal note:Effect of undertaking

(3) If a person enters into an undertaking, the proceeding that is commenced by the notice of violation is ended in respect of that person in connection with any act or omission referred to in the undertaking.
Marginal note:Failure to respect undertaking

(4) Failure to respect an undertaking constitutes a violation.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Issuance and service

15.14 (1) A person who is authorized to issue notices of violation and who believes, on reasonable grounds, that a person has committed a violation may issue, and shall cause to be served on the person, a notice of violation.
Marginal note:Contents of notice

(2) The notice of violation shall name the person who is believed to have committed the violation, identify the violation and include
- (a) the penalty that the person is liable to pay;
- (b) a statement as to the right of the person, within 30 days after the day on which the notice is served, or within any longer period that the Minister specifies, to pay the penalty or to make representations with respect to the violation and the penalty, and the manner for doing so; and
- (c) a statement indicating that if the person does not pay the penalty or make representations in accordance with the notice, the person is deemed to have committed the violation and the penalty is to be imposed.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Payment

15.15 (1) If a person who is served with a notice of violation pays the penalty proposed in the notice, the person is deemed to have committed the violation and the proceedings in respect of it are ended.
Marginal note:Representations to Minister

(2) If a person who is served with a notice of violation makes representations in accordance with the notice, the Minister shall decide, on a balance of probabilities, after considering any other representations that the Minister considers appropriate, whether the person committed the violation and may, if the Minister so decides, impose the penalty set out in the notice, a lesser penalty or no penalty.
Marginal note:Failure to pay or make representations

(3) If a person who is served with a notice of violation neither pays the penalty nor makes representations in accordance with the notice, the person is deemed to have committed the violation and the penalty is to be imposed.
Marginal note:Copy of decision and notice of rights

(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of any decision made under subsection (2) to be issued and served on the person together with a notice of the person’s right to appeal under section 15.2.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Evidence

15.16 In a proceeding in respect of a violation, a notice purporting to be served under subsection 15.14(1) or a copy of a decision purporting to be served under subsection 15.15(4) is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Defence

15.17 (1) It is a defence for a person in a proceeding in relation to a violation to establish that they exercised due diligence to prevent the violation.
Marginal note:Common law principles

(2) Every rule and principle of the common law that renders any circumstance a justification or excuse in relation to a charge for an offence under this Act applies in respect of a violation to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Vicarious liability — acts of employees and agents and mandataries

15.18 A person is liable for a violation that is committed by an employee of the person acting in the course of the employee’s employment, or by an agent or mandatary of the person acting within the scope of the agent’s or mandatary’s authority, whether or not the employee or agent or mandatary who actually committed the violation is identified or proceeded against.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Officer, director or agent or mandatary of corporations

15.19 An officer, director or agent or mandatary of a corporation that commits a violation is liable for the violation if they directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the violation, whether or not the corporation is proceeded against.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Appeal to Federal Court

15.2 (1) Subject to subsection (2), an appeal may be brought in the Federal Court from a decision made under subsection 15.15(2) within 30 days after the day on which the decision is made.
Marginal note:Appeal on question of fact

(2) An appeal on a question of fact may be brought only with the leave of the Federal Court, an application for which shall be made within 30 days after the day on which the decision is made. The appeal may not be brought later than 30 days after the day on which leave to appeal is granted.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Debts due to Her Majesty

15.21 (1) The following amounts are debts due to Her Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered in the Federal Court:
- (a) the amount payable under an undertaking entered into under subsection 15.13(1), beginning on the day specified in the undertaking or, if no day is specified, beginning on the day on which the undertaking is entered into;
- (b) the amount of the penalty set out in a notice of violation, beginning on the day on which it is required to be paid in accordance with the notice, unless representations are made in accordance with the notice;
- (c) if representations are made, either the amount of the penalty that is imposed by the Minister or on appeal, as the case may be, beginning on the day specified by the Minister or the court or, if no day is specified, beginning on the day on which the decision is made; and
- (d) the amount of any reasonable expenses incurred in attempting to recover an amount referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (c).
Marginal note:Time limit or prescription

(2) A proceeding to recover such a debt may not be commenced later than five years after the day on which the debt becomes payable.
Marginal note:Receiver General

(3) A penalty paid or recovered in relation to a violation is payable to the Receiver General.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Certificate of default

15.22 (1) The Minister may issue a certificate for the unpaid amount of any debt referred to in subsection 15.21(1).
Marginal note:Effect of registration

(2) Registration of a certificate in the Federal Court has the same effect as a judgment of that Court for a debt of the amount set out in the certificate and all related registration costs.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Time limit or prescription

15.23 (1) A proceeding in respect of a violation may not be commenced later than three years after the day on which the subject-matter of the proceedings becomes known to the Minister.
Marginal note:Certificate of Minister

(2) A document appearing to have been issued by the Minister, certifying the day on which the subject-matter of any proceedings became known to him or her, is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the matter asserted in it.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Publication

15.24 The Minister may make public

(a) the name of a person who committed a violation, the nature of the violation including the acts or omissions, or the provisions at issue and the amount of the penalty; and
(b) the name of a person who enters into an undertaking, the nature of the undertaking including the acts or omissions, or the provisions at issue, the conditions included in the undertaking and, if applicable, the amount of the penalty.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:How act or omission may be proceeded with

15.25 If an act or omission may be proceeded with either as a violation or as an offence, proceeding in one manner precludes proceeding in the other.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:For greater certainty

15.26 For greater certainty, a violation is not an offence and, accordingly, section 126 of the Criminal Code does not apply.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

Marginal note:Regulations

15.27 The Governor in Council may make regulations

(a) designating provisions of this Act whose contravention constitutes a separate violation in respect of each day during which it continues;
(b) for the purpose of paragraph 15.11(1)(e), establishing other factors to be considered in determining the amount of the penalty; and
(c) respecting undertakings entered into under section 15.13.

2014, c. 39, s. 182.

General

Marginal note:Certificates or reports of inspectors

16 (1) In any proceeding under this Act, or in any other proceeding to which the legislative jurisdiction of Parliament extends, a certificate or report purporting to have been given by an inspector who did an inspection or test pursuant to this Act and to have been signed by that inspector is admissible in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, is proof of the matters stated therein relating to the inspection or test, without proof of the signature, official character or capacity of the person appearing to have signed the certificate or report.
Marginal note:No admissibility without notice

(2) No certificate or report shall be received in evidence pursuant to subsection (1) unless the party who intends to produce it has given to the party against whom it is intended to be produced reasonable notice of that intention, together with a copy of the certificate or report.
Marginal note:Attendance of inspector

(3) A party who receives notice under subsection (2) may, with leave of the court, require the attendance of the inspector for the purposes of cross-examination.

R.S., 1985, c. R-2, s. 16;
1989, c. 17, s. 7.

Marginal note:Protection from personal liability

17 (1) No action or other proceeding for damages lies or may be instituted against a Minister, servant or agent of the Crown for or in respect of anything done or omitted to be done, or purported to be done or omitted to be done, in good faith under this Act or any order or regulation issued or made under this Act.
Marginal note:Crown not relieved of liability

(2) Subsection (1) does not relieve the Crown of liability for the acts or omissions described therein, and the Crown is liable under the Crown Liability Act or any other law as if that subsection had not been enacted.

1989, c. 17, s. 7.

Civil Action

Marginal note:Right of civil action

18 (1) Any person who
- (a) holds an interest in the content of a subscription programming signal or network feed, by virtue of copyright ownership or a licence granted by a copyright owner,
- (b) is authorized by the lawful distributor of a subscription programming signal or network feed to communicate the signal or feed to the public,
- (c) holds a licence to carry on a broadcasting undertaking issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission under the Broadcasting Act, or
- (d) develops a system or technology, or manufactures or supplies to a lawful distributor equipment, for the purpose of encrypting a subscription programming signal or network feed, or manufactures, supplies or sells decoders, to enable authorized persons to decode an encrypted subscription programming signal or encrypted network feed
may, where the person has suffered loss or damage as a result of conduct that is contrary to paragraph 9(1)(c), (d) or (e) or 10(1)(b), in any court of competent jurisdiction, sue for and recover damages from the person who engaged in the conduct, or obtain such other remedy, by way of injunction, accounting or otherwise, as the court considers appropriate.
Marginal note:Rules applicable

(2) In an action under subsection (1) against a person,
- (a) a monetary judgment may not exceed one thousand dollars where the person is an individual and the conduct engaged in by the person is neither contrary to paragraph 9(1)(e) or 10(1)(b) nor engaged in for commercial gain; and
- (b) the costs of the parties are in the discretion of the court.
Marginal note:Evidence of prior proceedings

(3) In an action under subsection (1) against a person, the record of proceedings in any court in which that person was convicted of an offence under paragraph 9(1)(c), (d) or (e) or 10(1)(b) is, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof that the person against whom the action is brought engaged in conduct that was contrary to that paragraph, and any evidence given in those proceedings as to the effect of that conduct on the person bringing the action is evidence thereof in the action.
Marginal note:Jurisdiction of Federal Court

(4) For the purposes of an action under subsection (1), the Federal Court is a court of competent jurisdiction.
Marginal note:Limitation

(5) An action under subsection (1) may be commenced within, but not after, three years after the conduct giving rise to the action was engaged in.
Marginal note:Copyright Act

(6) Nothing in this section affects any right or remedy that an aggrieved person may have under the Copyright Act.

1991, c. 11, s. 85.

Marginal note:Right of civil action

19 (1) Any person who has made or received a radio-based telephone communication that the person believes on reasonable grounds will be or has been divulged or will be used or has been made use of contrary to subsection 9(1.1) may, in any court of competent jurisdiction, bring an action to prevent the divulgence or use of or to recover damages from the person who will divulge or has divulged or who will make use of or has made use of the radio-based telephone communication, and in any such action the court may grant any remedy, by way of injunction, damages, accounting or otherwise, as the court considers appropriate.
Marginal note:Evidence of prior proceedings

(2) In an action under subsection (1) against a person, the record of proceedings in any court in which that person was convicted of an offence under subsection 9(1.1) is, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof that the person against whom the action is brought divulged or made use of the radio-based telephone communication and any evidence given in those proceedings as to the effect of the divulgence or use on the person bringing the action is evidence thereof in the action.
Marginal note:Jurisdiction of Federal Court

(3) For the purposes of an action under subsection (1), the Federal Court is a court of competent jurisdiction.
Marginal note:Limitation

(4) An action under subsection (1) may be commenced within, but not after, three years after the conduct giving rise to the action was engaged in.
Marginal note:Remedies not affected

(5) Nothing in this section affects any other right or remedy that an aggrieved person might otherwise have.

1993, c. 40, s. 26.

RELATED PROVISIONS

— 1989, c. 17, s. 16
- Radio licences, etc.
  
  16 Radio licences, technical construction and operating certificates and radio operator certificates that were in force under the Radio Act immediately before this Act comes into force continue in force thereafter as if they had been issued in accordance with the Radio Act as amended by this Act.
— 1995, c. 1, s. 62(4)
- - Idem
    
    (4) Every reference to the Minister of Communications in any order, regulation or other instrument made under the Radiocommunication Act or the Telecommunications Act shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be read as a reference to the Minister of Industry.

AMENDMENTS NOT IN FORCE

— 1992, c. 47, s. 84 (Sch., s. 14)
- 1989, c. 17, s. 6
  
  14 Section 12 is repealed.
— 2002, c. 7, s. 233
- 1994, c. 43, s. 92
  
  233 Subsections 7(4) and (5) of the Radiocommunication Act are replaced by the following:
  - Exception
    
    (4) Notwithstanding subsection (3), any dispute as to the compensation to be paid for the taking of possession of a radio station on settlement land as defined in section 2 of the Yukon First Nations Land Claims Settlement Act, land identified as such in a self-government agreement as defined in the Yukon First Nations Self-Government Act or on Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land may be heard and determined only by the body established under the laws of the Legislature of Yukon having jurisdiction with respect to surface rights and in accordance with those laws.
  - Settlement land
    
    (5) If the Yukon first nation concerned does not consent to it, no interest in settlement land as defined in section 2 of the Yukon First Nations Land Claims Settlement Act or identified as such in a self-government agreement as defined in the Yukon First Nations Self-Government Act may be taken possession of under this section without the consent of the Governor in Council.

Мобилки на тестах заставят замолчать

admin — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 01:21:20 +0000

Школьникам не дадут списывать по SMS и болтать по телефону в туалете.

Школы, где будет проводиться тестирование ВНО, в 2010 году могут оснастить «глушилками» для мобилок и детекторами, которые фиксируют вызов с телефонов. Директор Львовского областного Центра тестирования Лариса Середяк рассказала нам, что «глушилки» установят в коридорах возле классов, чтобы на экзамене школьнику не продиктовали ответы по телефону или не сбросили SMS-кой, а детекторы — около туалетов. «Дежурный в коридоре будет следить за детектором, который зафиксирует включение мобильного телефона, — поясняет она. — Если школьника поймают на горячем, его лишат возможности продолжать тестирование и предложат повторить попытку аж через год».

По словам Ларисы Середяк, такая система может быть введена во Львовской, а также Волынской и Ивано-Франковской областях, а потом и по всей стране. Для здоровья школьников прибор, который глушит вызов, будет безопасным: он соответствует всем санитарно-гигиеническим нормам, утверждает Середяк. Стоимость подобных детекторов — около $100. То есть оснащение школы, где проходит тестирование, «антимобильными» устройствами будет стоить $200.

В Украинском центре тестирования нам подтвердили возможность эксперимента в некоторых школах. Но не готовы пока разглашать его технические подробности, чтобы школьники не искали «противоядия» от «глушилок». К примеру, ученик может перевести телефон в режим рации (на некоторых моделях есть такая функция) и говорить без подключения к сети, если их абоненты (друзья, родственники) находятся недалеко от школы.

ШКОЛЬНАЯ «ГЛУШИЛКА» — ПОВОД ДЛЯ СУДЕБНОГО ИСКА

Операторы мобильной связи предупреждают, что законность «глушилок» — сомнительна. «Теоретически установить такой подавитель сигнала можно. Тем более что сегодня в Украине вполне легально можно купить подобные устройства, — рассказывает прес-секретарь одной из мобильных сетей Виктория Рубан. — Мощность устройства достаточна для подавления сигнала в нескольких аудиториях (радиус — 50—60 м). Однако есть вероятность того, что в зону действия такого прибора может попасть случайный прохожий. В таком случае речь может идти о нарушении его прав как потребителя, и правомерность действий чиновников по установке «глушилки» может быть оспорена таким абонентом в суде».

Signal Jammer Wiki » Signal News

Why do cell phone jammers exist?

Young people are busy

People need mobile phone jammers to create a quiet life.

Related articles

Abusing GPS jammers can be very dangerous.

GPS signals are critical infrastructure

U.S. bans arbitrary use of GPS signal jammers

Considerations when using

Related articles

Get the latest cell phone signal jammer discounts. Up to 20% off, get it here.

Get the latest cell phone signal jammer discounts. Up to 20% off, get it here.

A father uses a WiFi jammer to keep his kids from surfing the Internet overnight. Mistakes interfere with the entire town.

Using cell phone jammers at school becomes difficult.

Jammers: informatie voor opsporingsdiensten

Werking van jammers

Waarom zijn jammers verboden

Aanpak illegaal gebruik

De rol van JamST Telecom

Hoe werkt een jammer?

Wat zijn de gevolgen van een jammer?

Hoe herkent u een jammer?

Treft u een jammer aan?

Staat de jammer aan?

Staat de jammer uit?

Technisch onderzoek

Strafbaarheid

Artikel/Wet 10.15, lid 1, Telecommunicatiewet

1, onder 1, Wet op de Economische Delicten

161 sexies WvSr

350c, WvSr

350d, WvSr

184, lid 1, WvSr

Radiocommunication Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. R-2)

Radiocommunication Act

Short Title

Marginal note:Short title

Interpretation

Marginal note:Definitions

Application

Marginal note:Application to Her Majesty and Parliament

Marginal note:Exemptions

Marginal note:Geographical application

Marginal note:Powers, duties and functions of Minister

Prohibitions

Marginal note:Prohibitions

Marginal note:Idem

Marginal note:Idem

Marginal note:Other prohibitions

Minister’s Powers

Marginal note:Minister’s powers

Marginal note:Canadian telecommunications policy

Marginal note:Bidding system for radio authorizations

Marginal note:Payments pursuant to bids

Marginal note:Procedures for bidding system

Marginal note:Obligation

Marginal note:Suspension or revocation of radio authorization

Marginal note:Information sharing — Canada

Marginal note:Information sharing — Government of foreign state and international organization

Marginal note:Contents

Powers of Governor in Council and Others

Marginal note:Regulations

Marginal note:Incorporation by reference

Marginal note:Possession by Her Majesty

Marginal note:Control by Government

Marginal note:Compensation

Marginal note:Exception

Marginal note:Settlement land

Marginal note:Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land

Marginal note:Notice of intention

Marginal note:Definition of “Tetlit Gwich’in Yukon land”

Marginal note:Powers of inspectors

Marginal note:Certificate

Marginal note:Dwelling-houses

Marginal note:Authority to issue warrant

Marginal note:Use of force

Marginal note:Assistance to inspectors

Marginal note:Information requirement

Marginal note:Obstruction, false information

Marginal note:Seizure